Robotic total stations increase your productivity with preowned surveying robotic total stations. Specific surveying equipment is described below, along with its uses and any special precautions for its care. Tiger supplies proudly carries one of the largest selections of surveying total stations and total station accessories from popular brands, such as topcon, sokkia, leica, nikon, spectra, and northwest instrument. Pdf comparison on measurement of a building using total. Modern surveying instruments provides faster and more precise surveying than conventional instruments. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system. They are also known to be used by forensic experts to record crime scene data. Centering means setting the theodolite exactly over an instrument station so that its vertical axis lies immediately above the station mark. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. The surveying process is a procedural one and, by following these instructions, you should be able to survey an entire stage from beginning to end.
Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. Seco is one of the worlds leading land surveying and global positioning brands. Just choose the features you are looking for below and start shopping. Download these notes for your study purpose and let me know how it help you. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. The recorded data are then downloaded into a cad program, and compared to the designed layout of the tunnel. Feb 28, 2017 total station is one of the most used modern instrument in land surveying. Total station instrument is being used to carry out the existing ground profile and cross section survey. Heat waves can cause distortion in lines of sight near reflective surfaces. Minor survey instruments boxsextant, planimeter, pantagraph, their working principles and uses. The weapon for engineering how to set up total station, by 20 year old guy with a topocon model and data collector. Total station surveying equipment and instrument tiger supplies.
Gis surveying was guided by imagis engineering solution put. Measurements and errors iii8 revised may, 20 sun angles, or using a parasol to shade the instrument. Instrument errors 22 inspecting the line of sight 22 inspecting the edm of the total station 23 instrument errors in the total station 24 simple surveying tasks 26 aligning from the midpoint 26 measuring slopes 27 measuring rightangles 28 applications programs 29 calculating areas 29 staking out 30 remote heights 31 tie distances 32 free. A total station is a theodolite equipped with an electronic distance measuring instrument. Surveying equipment and surveying instruments seco. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system the instrument is used to measure sloping distance of object to the instrument. The leica flexline series allow our customers to choose the right instrument for their surveying task.
If you need the ability to record x, y, and z coordinates, record height of instrument and height of rod, as well as distance for a true sense of what you are recording, then a. The components used in total station surveying are as follows. Total station is one of the most used modern instrument in land surveying. Limits of survey total station total stations represent a different problem. Setting up a total station and basics of operation youtube. Dear friends here i attached total station pdf notes for study purpose. Surveyors around the world trust trimbles highperformance total station surveying solutions to maximize productivity today while offering scalability to adapt to future challenges and opportunities. Plate 2 indicates the total station instrument used for this case study. Line of sight is required if you cannot physically see your target from the total station, you cannot measure it. This reduces the need to set the instrument truly level, as with a dumpy or tilting level.
A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used. Total stations are electronic optical distancemeasuring instruments used in modern land. Individual surveying techniques has been commonly used in the history of surveying area to collect data. They can measure distance, angles, elevations with a high level of precision. Always have the tripod firmly set before removing the instrument from its carrying case. Total station setup and operation university of south alabama.
Software with familiar apps and easytouse touch technology. Total station measurements and their precision and reliability. Robotics enables the station to find the prism by itself so only person is needed to do all work. It is also used by archaeologists to record excavations as well as by police, crime scene investigators, private. Total station and its applications in surveying gis resources.
When total station is moved or transported, it must be in the case for most surveys, prior to observing distances and angles, the instrument must first be carefully set up over a specific point establish tripod over the point open the case and remove total station, placing it on the head of the tripod and attach securely total station setup. Total station is an equipment used in surveying, designed for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, inclusive of measuring sloping distance of object to the instrument. Total station measurements and their precision and. May 27, 20 the weapon for engineering how to set up total station, by 20 year old guy with a topocon model and data collector. Total station surveying instrument combining electronic distance measurement equipment. Selflevelling instruments are the preferred instrument on building sites, construction and surveying due to ease of use and rapid setup time this more modern type of level is now in general use. In addition, they also have features for measurement to points. A total station ts or total station theodolite tst is an electronicoptical instrument used for surveying and building construction. Total stations for surveying, construction, and mapping. We are the leading supplier and trader of all kind of automatic leveling instrument a total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in surveying. The accuracy and versatility of a total station can increase efficiency and accuracy simultaneously. Lecturer, senior technical assistant department of mining engineering, indian school of mines, dhanbad 826004 abstract although surveying techniques have always played a primary role in. As such, it measures horizontal angles, vertical angles, and distances. A total station is used to record the absolute location of the tunnel walls, ceilings backs, and floors as the drifts of an underground mine are driven.
Their types and uses are discussed in this article. Introduction to engineering surveying ce 5 levellingtheory. With a robust design and only the highest quality materials used in the manufacturing process, this range of total station are the most reliable instruments. Data can be downloaded from the total station to a computer and application software used to compute results and generate a map of the surveyed area. Total station components functions advantages of total. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement edm to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an onboard computer to collect data and perform. The results are expected to be used for many public works including routine survey, wide residential land development and subsidence measuring instruments. In surveying, specifically in the area of engineering projects, more sophisticated instruments are employed total station, laser scaner and gps to improve the efficiency and accuracy. Totalstation is a compact instrument which weighs around 50 n to 55 n. It also consists of a microprocessor with a memory unit which deals with recordings, readings, and the fundamental. A total station is a combination of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device edm. Within a small range instrument is capable of adjusting itself to the level position.
Lecture 30 modern surveying instrument total station. It can be done by means of plumb bob suspended from a small hook attached to the vertical axis of the theodolite. The effects of heat waves can be minimized by surveying in cooler, cloudy periods, taking shorter measurements, or avoiding. Total station surveying equipment and instrument tiger. Total station in surveying operation, uses and advantages.
Optical survey equipment manual total stations total. Total stations are electronic devices that can measure angle and distances. Seco has a reputation for quality and innovation technology. Simple surveying setup jeremy green reportdepartment of maritime archaeology. Selflearning survey grade total station for all conditions.
Total stations land surveying equipment and total station solutions to meet your optical and conventional surveying needs. Sep 27, 2016 basics of setting up and operating a total station. In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements. Hitarget zts320rbrochureen20180605 hitarget surveying. Total station consists of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measuring device edm and a micro processor having a. The total station is an electronic theodolite transit integrated with. What are the differences between theodolite and total station. Total station and its applications in surveying gis. Total station is a surveying equipment combination of electromagnetic distance measuring instrument and electronic theodolite for construction site survey. In addition, they also have features for measurement to points that cannot. Bahuguna, dheeraj kumar, sunil kumar associate professor, sr. A typical total station is shown in the figure below. Leveling the total station leveling the total station must be accomplished to sufficient accuracy otherwise the instrument will not report results leveling the instrument takes 30 to 45 minutes make sure you can see all targets from the instrument station before going through the process.
Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser. It consists of a distance measuring instrument edm, an angle measuring instrument theodolite and a simple microprocessor. Theodolite and total station, as only civil engineers or students would know, are land surveying instruments used to deduce information about the plot under consideration for construction buildings, bridges, roads, highways, dams, etc. The total station instrument is mounted on a tripod and is levelled by operating levelling screws. A total station ts or total station theodolite tst is an electronicoptical instrument used for surveying. Total station setup and operation university of south. Survey and total station instructions lightcraft technology. Their accuracy, precision and reliability glossary total station surveying instrument combining electronic distance measurement equipment edme with a digital theodolite and electronic data recording.
Elta, the zeiss term for these instruments, stands for electronic tacheometer. If a total station is to be used, remove the instrument from the tribrach. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Because of the trigonometric calculations utilized in total station reductions, elevations are not as accurately obtained using these instruments. The data collected by a total station can be transferred through a usb port into the computer where it can be viewed and analysed easily. Modern surveying instruments and their uses in civil. Mining total stations are the primary survey instrument used in mining surveying. It is a presentation slide on total station surveying.
Leveling the total station must be accomplished to. The trimax universal elevator tripod includes a gearbox control for centercolumn stability and control. Introduction to total station the main instrument for surveyors on site today is the total station. Although taping and theodolites are used regularly on site total stations are also used extensively in surveying, civil engineering and construction because they can measure both distances and angles. Thereby developing the knowledge skill as well as enhanced the knowledge about modern electronic surveying instruments. Total station is a surveying equipment combination of electromagnetic distance measuring instrument and electronic theodolite. Total stations are the primary survey instrument used in mining surveying. It is used to to read slope distances from the instrument to a particular point. Although taping and theodolites are used regularly on site total stations are also used extensively in surveying, civil engineering and construction because they can measure both distances and angles a typical total station is shown in the figure below. Center and level the instrument over the mark using only the tribrach. Total station instrument consists of the prism, tripod and level staff.
Traditionally they are manual instruments that come in two types transit, which rotates in a full circle in the. For the course archaeological excavation, vanderbilt university. A total station is used for measuring both horizontal and zenith angles as well as slope distances. The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors wsdot. Total station is the latest instrument nowadays most commonly used by the surveyors on the job location.
Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of plats and surveys. Total station on the other hand, is a multipurpose surveying instrument based on electronic distance measurement edm. They are mostly used by civil engineers and construction workers to take precise measurements for their projects. Check out this list of 10 best totals station available in the market right. A theodolite uses a movable telescope to measure angles in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Engineering surveying 1 ce212 modern methods in surveying lectures. Transit surveying tripod surveying universal instrument surveying see also. Instead of direct leveling method, indirect leveling method using total station is applied in this research to assure the technicians in performing the tests, it is more economical as well. Therefore, for elevation critical data, total station measurements should not exceed 600 feet from the instrument.
From the study it is finalized that total station survey is more accurate for plotation of map as well as greenery mapping is done using. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. It is a combination of electronic theodolite and electromagnetic distance measuring edm instrument. Total station advantages and disadvantages of total station. Introduction, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic distance measurement, total station, digital selfleveling levels, scanners for topographical survey. Inspecting the edm of the total station 23 instrument errors in the total station 24 simple surveying tasks 26 aligning from the midpoint 26 measuring slopes 27 measuring rightangles 28 applications programs 29 calculating areas 29 staking out 30 remote heights 31 tie distances 32 free station surveys 33 the applications programs available 34. A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in modern surveying and building construction that uses electronic transit theodolite in conjunction with electronic distance meter edm. Total station full information free notes pdf download. A total station is a modern surveying instrument that integrates an electronic theodolite with an electronic distance meter. Pdf engineering surveying 1 ce212 modern methods in. Seco makes the exclusive line of trimax instrument tripods, the only surveying grade tripod with certified accuracy for all servodriven and robotic total stations, 3d laser scanners or construction lasers. Digital theodolites are great but total stations are much better. How to setup a total station to conduct surveying operations. A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in modern surveying.